busan | 城市生态编码

Format | 形式: international competition | 国际设计竞赛
Year | 年份: 2010
Type | 类型: territorial analysis and masterplan development | 区域分析及城市总体规划
Size | 规模: 18 sqkm | 18 平方公里
Location| 地点: Gadeokdo, Busan, South Korea | 韩国，釜山
Collaboration with ｜ 合作人: Anna Lambertini, Paolo Battaglia, Rui Liu, Tina Qiu, Camilla Dubini

ec(os)cript

“What is interesting today, and what matters, is infrastructure. Although modernists offered this inside long ago, only today can we see that it was actually prophecy.”
Sanford Kwinter

Scenario

-The analysis of the urban morphology reveals a rhizomatic pattern in which a spatial structure is roughly recognizable. The constructions overlap randomly generating a chaotic in-between space of informal surfaces.
-This urban structure reveals the historical lack of urban codes.
-The space of the village is defined by fishing areas and crops, the public is residual, at first lacking a clear form of expression and intent.
-Overall the urban spaces and infrastructures maintain their specificity, preserving a local scale of relations that seamlessly allow their integration within the natural landscape.

ec(os)cript
“基础设施才是真正有趣而要紧的------很多现代主义建筑师早就提出的预言，如今已经成为现实。”
桑福特·昆特

场景
- 韩国Gadeokdo，18平方公里
-从城市形态的分析中我们得到了一个根状形结构框架，从中能够识别出一个大体的空间布局。建筑物随机散落在一片混沌的空间关系中。
-这种结构特征表明了在城市规划中长期缺乏设计导则。
- 村落的主要产业是渔业和种植业，公共空间只是剩余的被动的空间，缺乏明确的设计意图。
-总的来说，城市空间与基础设施仍保持着其各自的特征，并与自然景观充分融合，共同维持场地叙事性。

From typology to bio-morphology

The milieu of this project is the understanding of the relationship between two terms: natural and artificial. Its aim is the reconsideration, the “profanation” and re-description of these two adjectives that nowadays are framing a system of cultural/social/epistemological impasse.
Our design seeks a responsive and relational approach in which the process becomes the active protagonist of the morphogenesis, defining scales, relationships and forms... The biological form of expression and its generative code are our political decision, the agents that filter and allow the pathology of two isolated antithetic entities, such as self-complacent buildings and naïve unproductive landscapes, to be resolved organically, at once.
Nature is a fluid system of temporal emergences, which has to be scientifically analyzed to be then genetically modified.
A parametric understanding allows a more thorough assessment of the environment and offers specific and complex design solutions that could integrate several systems and layers of information: ecological, social and spatial.

由类型学到仿生学

该项目基于对自然与人造的认识。两者在文学、社会学、认识论等方面至今仍无法达成共识，方案旨在反思和重建两者之间的关系。我们探索建立一种基于回应和关联的设计过程，在这个过程中形态、规模和外表可被灵活调整。通过采取自然演变的方式，我们能够调和两者之间僵持的对立关系，就像修复饱和建筑物或是改善荒废的景观那样进行操作，将症状有机的、彻底的根除。

自然是一个灵活多变的系统，我们依据科学的逻辑分析对其进行“演变”。通过使用参数将不同信息与层级（例如生态、社会以及空间）进行整合，能够更加准确地对其估量和分析，最终得到具体且精细的设计解决方案。

Process

The project “ec(os)cript” schematizes an infrastructural intervention, evaluating and synthesizing several aspects and visualizing the island underlying data-scape to propose a symbiotic “material organization”.
The continuous exchange, mutual relationships and definition of genotypic (existing conditions, materials, energetic landscapes) and phenotypic (users' will and environment continuous alteration) elements point towards a definition of an “epigenetic landscape”.

The aspects considered are:
-the energies and qualities of the territory quantifying its rate of production, movements of goods
-the system of road (car and pedestrians) and water transportation; its deficiencies and intensities
-the morphology and the composition of the existing settlements in forms of space relationships,
-the commercial aspect of the island and its future urban expansion as proposed by the competition brief, critically assessing which could become its future ecological thresholds.

设计过程

“ec(os)cript”项目描述了基础设施如何通过评测和整合岛屿潜在的数据系统来建议一个共生关系的“物质组织模式”。
对交换关系、互利共生、遗传型（现有状况、材质、能源景观）以及表现型（用户的意向和环境的改变）元素的定义都汇入到“Epigenetic Landscape”的界定。

我们所考虑方面为：
- 量化土地性能、生产速率、物流、能源等数据
- 道路系统（车辆与人流）和水上运输的优劣比较
- 现存的形态与结构在空间中的相互关系
- 在竞赛任务书中对岛屿的商业建设与城市发展进行了评估，这可能是向岛屿未来生态建设所迈出的第一步。

The algorithm “ec(os)cript” is a processual device and its formal output is directed by parameters that define intensities. The genetic code operates at two different levels working as a feed-back loop machine in which:
-at a macro scale a dynamic range and variable mixture of activities is constantly monitored and driven by the municipality. The overall relations, the monetary output and its commercial value can be precisely defined due to the constant exchange of information with the island rates of production.
-at a micro scale the system resilience allows the users, actual and future inhabitant to define their proper niche, forming and protecting their vital scenario. At this level, formal and effectual relations can be manually operated by the users on the local code through the definition of parameters such as scale, proximity, mass, growth, inclusion, exclusion, openness, closeness, attraction, repulsion… the combination of these relations leads to a site-user specific architectural definition.

“ec(os)cript”算法可通过不同强度的参数改变其过程形式，两种不同层级之间形成反馈回路对遗传代码进行同时调控，其中：
- 从宏观上调控政府监督和管理范围内的活动。通过生产率以及信息交换我们能够准确定义岛屿的全面关系、经营额度与商业价值。
- 从微观形式上来看，该系统允许居民通过改善环境的方式来定义各自宜居的生活空间。在这基础之上，用户可以依据地方导则有效地调控诸如规模尺度、长短距离、群众关系、发展方式、容量大小、排斥强度、开放性质、保守性质、吸引力等参数。综上所述，这样的一种组合关系使得居住者对建筑的定义不再千篇一律。

The ongoing nature of the process enables different configurations. Framing multiple and potential scenarios and responding to the market contingencies has an implicit risk: being completely oblivious of the political implication that this freedom could cause and of the potential damages that the public space, the space of the collectivity, might suffer.
We believe that the system boundaries should be tight enough to define punctually an infrastructure able to draw the distinction between what is labile, modifiable, vague and reprogrammable, in this case by the economic agenda of the market, and what should be on the other side the empty space of sociality.
We tactically achieve the goal linking punctually and spatially the infrastructure, the system production and the public space.

这种过程的开放性决定其引发不同的形态结果。应充分考虑具有发展潜力的多样化模式，并应对市场突发性可能带来风险：完全忽视了这些所产生的政治纠纷以及公共空间可能带来的损害。
我们认为该系统的界限应该足够紧凑以定义基础设施，在基础设施中应该分清不稳定、可修改、模糊、可编程（比如由市场的经济计划编程的）等方面和另一方面的社交空间。
为实现这一目标，我们在一些关键节点会将基础设施、系统生成、公共空间综合考虑。

In this sense, although the process is free to be changed at different times/scales, the overall spatial qualities are defined, the masterplan could be temporally transformed but its pace of growth will remain unchanged. The infrastructure becomes a ground of possibilities, being a performative technical manufact and a public space at once.
The project is therefore structured as follows: a superstructure at the level of macro-areas that connects the five big clusters (Nulcha, the new port, the airport, base 1 and base 2), a mobility that wraps around the primary cluster with a dense network of connections and a secondary pedestrian layer that goes inside the blocks.

在某种意义上说，即使该过程可以在不同时间和规模上改变，总的空间质量仍可受到控制，总体规划也可能被暂时修改，但是其发展的速度是不变的。基础设施则承载了多种可能性，不仅具有工程学意义上的功能性，亦是公共空间的发生器。
于是项目可以被理解成建构于以下方面：将5个大型簇群（Nulcha，新开的港口，机场，1号基地，2号基地），连结主要功能组群的交通网络系统------这个系统包含密集的路网以及一个深入渗透入各街区的步行网络。

Micro

The “micro” defines the project core and the precondition necessary to its sustainability. The masterplan is composed by the aggregation of ecologically independent clusters in which their entity - mixture, rate and volume of activities - has been defined at a macro level but their behavior could be locally corrupted and modified within certain flexible thresholds. Thus, potential flaws pertaining one cell affect the other components only partially protecting the overall functionality of the system.

微观

“微型”解释了方案的核心内容，并作为其可持续性的必不可少的先决条件。总体规划由生态独立簇群的集合来组成，簇群的本质（活动的混合状态、比率、容量）在宏观程度被制定，但是其运行会受到当地一定程度的变化。于此如果一个组成簇群出现缺点，这只局部地影响到其他簇群，以便保护总体系统的功能性。
时间
“ec(os)cript”项目是持续进行的过程，其结构较为灵活，是按照当地土地的变化和用户的意志来设计的。时间作为各种城市设计项目的尺寸，在这里也是一个重要的组成成分。而我们提供的图景也只是钻石的一个断面，是无限可能的演化愿景中的一段缩影。

关于城市导则与用户（居民 - 市政府）之间的互动关系，我们考虑过2个方案：
- 主动性的积极参与并最终主导系统。用户可以参加公共活动、业务，可以不停地改变岛屿的未来。
- 被动性的“拒绝战略”，只能成功改变区域内极少部分的区块跟民众。

Time

The “ec(os)cript” project is an ongoing process, an immanent subject whose configuration is flexible and tailored locally on the transformation of the territory and on the user will. Although the time is a dimension of every urban project, here it is embodied in the DNA of the process. The configuration that we are presenting is just a fragment, a crystallized image extracted from a possible evolution.
Two options are contemplated about the interaction between the code and the users (inhabitants-municipality):
-active participation leading to a temporal subjugation to the operative system. The user could take part in the collective arena constantly modulating and remodeling the future of the island.
-passive “strategy of refusal” in which only very strict local and personal parameters can be changed.

时间

“ec(os)cript”项目是正在进行中的过程，其结构较为灵活，是按照当地土地的变化和用户的意志来设计的。时间作为各种城市设计项目的尺寸，在这里也是一个重要的过程成分。我们建议结构只是一块碎片，是从预料演变过程中提取的画面。
关于城市导则与用户（居民 - 市政府）之间的互动关系，我们考虑过2个提议方案：
-导致临时服从运行系统的主动性参加。用户可以参加公共活动、业务，可以不停地改变岛屿的未来。
-被动性的“拒绝战略”，其中只有一些地方和个人的参数才能被改变的。